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Compiled Tips ‘N Tricks Guide

Information contained in this publication regarding device

applications and the like is provided only for your convenience

and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to

ensure that your application meets with your specifications.

MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR

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OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,

INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,

QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR

FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability

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intellectual property rights.

Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,

dsPIC, KEE EELOQ, K LOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,

PICSTART, rfPIC, SmartShunt and UNI/O are registered

trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the

U.S.A. and other countries.

FilterLab, Hampshire, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV,

MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control

Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip

Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,

dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,

ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, In-Circuit Serial

Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB

Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, nanoWatt XLP,

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trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the

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SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated

in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their

respective companies.

Printed on recycled paper.

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:

• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the

intended manner and under normal conditions.

• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our

knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data

Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not

mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are co ng the code protection features ofmmitted to continuously improvi our

products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts

allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide

headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and

Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California

and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures

are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ ®

code hopping

devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and

analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design

and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

8-pin Flash PIC

Microcontroller Tips ‘n Tricks

Tips ‘n Tricks

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8-pin Flash PIC® Microcontrollers

Tips ‘n Tricks

TIPS ‘N TRICKS WITH HARDWARE

TIP #1: Dual Speed RC Oscillator .......................... 1-2

TIP #2: Input/Output Multiplexing............................ 1-2

TIP #3: Read Three States From One Pin .............. 1-3

TIP #4: Reading DIP Switches ................................ 1-3

TIP #5: Scanning Many Keys With One Input......... 1-4

TIP #6: Scanning Many Keys and Wake-up

From Sleep ................................................. 1-4

TIP #7: 8x8 Keyboard with 1 Input .......................... 1-5

TIP #8: One Pin Power/Data................................... 1-5

TIP #9: Decode Keys and ID Settings .................... 1-6

TIP #10: Generating High Voltages .......................... 1-6

TIP #11: V Self Starting Circuit ............................. 1-7dd

TIP #12: Using PIC

MCU A/D For Smart

Current Limiter............................................ 1-7

TIP #13: Reading A Sensor With Higher Accuracy ... 1-8

TIP #13.1: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – RC Timing Method ................... 1-8

TIP #13.2: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – Charge Balancing Method .......1-10

TIP #13.3: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – A/D Method ..............................1-11

TIP #14: Delta Sigma Converter ...............................1-11

TIPS ‘N TRICKS WITH SOFTWARE

TIP #15: Delay Techniques .......................................1-12

TIP #16: Optimizing Destinations..............................1-13

TIP #17: Conditional Bit Set/Clear ............................1-13

TIP #18: Swap File Register with W .........................1-14

TIP #19: Bit Shifting Using Carry Bit .........................1-14

PIC® Microcontroller Low Power

Tips ‘n Tricks

GENERAL LOW POWER TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #1 Switching Off External Circuits/

Duty Cycle .................................................. 2-2

TIP #2 Power Budgeting ........................................ 2-3

TIP #3 Conguring Port Pins ................................. 2-4

TIP #4 Use High-Value Pull-Up Resistors .............. 2-4

TIP #5 Reduce Operating Voltage ......................... 2-4

TIP #6 Use an External Source for

CPU Core Voltage ...................................... 2-5

TIP #7 Battery Backup for PIC MCUs ................... 2-6

DYNAMIC OPERATION TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #8 Enhanced PIC16 Mid-Range Core ............. 2-6

TIP #9 Two-Speed Start-Up ................................... 2-7

TIP #10 Clock Switching .......................................... 2-7

TIP #11 Use Internal RC Oscillators ........................ 2-7

TIP #12 Internal Oscillator Calibration ..................... 2-8

TIP #13 Idle and Doze Modes ................................. 2-8

TIP #14 Use and Idle Mode .............................. 2-9NOP

TIP #15 Peripheral Module Disable

(PMD) Bits .................................................. 2-9

STATIC POWER REDUCTION TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #16 Deep Sleep Mode.......................................2-10

TIP #17 Extended WDT and Deep

Sleep WDT .................................................2-10

TIP #18 Low Power Timer1 Oscillator and RTCC ....2-10

TIP #19 Low Power Timer1 Oscillator Layout ..........2-11

TIP #20 Use LVD to Detect Low Battery ..................2-11

TIP #21 Use Peripheral FIFO and DMA...................2-11

TIP #22 Ultra Low-Power

Wake-Up Peripheral ...................................2-12

PIC® Microcontroller CCP and ECCP

Tips ‘n Tricks

CAPTURE TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #1: Measuring the Period of a Square Wave ... 3-3

TIP #2: Measuring the Period of a

Square Wave with Averaging ..................... 3-3

TIP #3: Measuring Pulse Width .............................. 3-4

TIP #4: Measuring Duty Cycle ................................ 3-4

TIP #5: Measuring RPM Using an Encoder ............ 3-5

TIP #6: Measuring the Period of an Analog Signal 3-6 .

COMPARE TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #7: Periodic Interrupts ...................................... 3-8

TIP #8: Modulation Formats.................................... 3-9

TIP #9: Generating the Time Tick for a RTOS ........3-10

TIP #10: 16-Bit Resolution PWM ..............................3-10

TIP #11: Sequential ADC Reader .............................3-11

TIP #12: Repetitive Phase Shifted Sampling ............3-12

PWM TIPS ‘N TRICKS

TIP #13: Deciding on PWM Frequency.....................3-14

TIP #14: Unidirectional Brushed DC

Motor Control Using CCP ...........................3-14

TIP #15: Bidirectional Brushed DC

Motor Control Using ECCP ........................3-15

TIP #16: Generating an Analog Output .....................3-16

TIP #17: Boost Power Supply ...................................3-17

TIP #18: Varying LED Intensity .................................3-18

TIP #19: Generating X-10 Carrier Frequency ...........3-18

COMBINATION CAPTURE AND COMPARE TIPS

TIP #20: RS-232 Auto-baud ......................................3-19

TIP #21: Dual-Slope Analog-to-Digital Converter .....3-21

Tips ‘n Tricks Table of Contents

PIC® Microcontroller Comparator

Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1: Low Battery Detection ................................ 4-2

TIP #2: Faster Code for Detecting Change............. 4-3

TIP #3: Hysteresis................................................... 4-4

TIP #4: Pulse Width Measurement ......................... 4-5

TIP #5: Window Comparison .................................. 4-6

TIP #6: Data Slicer .................................................. 4-7

TIP #7: One-Shot .................................................... 4-8

TIP #8: Multi-Vibrator (Square Wave Output) ......... 4-9

TIP #9: Multi-Vibrator (Ramp Wave Output) ...........4-10

TIP #10: Capacitive Voltage Doubler ........................4-11

TIP #11: PWM Generator .........................................4-12

TIP #12: Making an Op Amp Out of a Comparator ...4-13

TIP #13: PWM High-Current Driver ..........................4-14

TIP #14: Delta-Sigma ADC .......................................4-15

TIP #15: Level Shifter ...............................................4-16

TIP #16: Logic: Inverter.............................................4-16

TIP #17: Logic: AND/NAND Gate .............................4-17

TIP #18: Logic: OR/NOR Gate..................................4-18

TIP #19: Logic: XOR/XNOR Gate .............................4-19

TIP #20: Logic: Set/Reset Flip Flop ..........................4-20

PIC® Microcontroller DC Motor Control

Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1: Brushed DC Motor Drive Circuits ............... 5-2

TIP #2: Brushless DC Motor Drive Circuits ............. 5-3

TIP #3: Stepper Motor Drive Circuits ...................... 5-4

TIP #4: Drive Software ............................................ 5-6

TIP #5: Writing a PWM Value to the CCP

Registers with a Mid-Range PIC

MCU ..... 5-7

TIP #6: Current Sensing ......................................... 5-8

TIP #7: Position/Speed Sensing ............................. 5-9

Application Note References .........................................5-11

Motor Control Development Tools .................................5-11

LCD PIC® Microcontroller Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1: Typical Ordering Considerations and

Procedures for Custom Liquid Displays ..... 6-2

TIP #2: LCD PIC

MCU Segment/Pixel Table ......... 6-2

TIP #3: Resistor Ladder for Low Current ................ 6-3

TIP #4: Contrast Control with a Buck Regulator ..... 6-5

TIP #5: Contrast Control Using a Boost

Regulator .................................................... 6-5

TIP #6: Software Controlled Contrast with

PWM for LCD Contrast Control .................. 6-6

TIP #7: Driving Common Backlights ....................... 6-7

TIP #8: In-Circuit Debug (ICD) ................................ 6-8

TIP #9: LCD in Sleep Mode .................................... 6-8

TIP #10: How to Update LCD Data

Through Firmware ...................................... 6-9

TIP #11: Blinking LCD............................................... 6-9

TIP #12: 4 x 4 Keypad Interface that Conserves

Pins for LCD Segment Drivers ...................6-10

Application Note References .........................................6-11

Intelligent Power Supply Design

Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1: Soft-Start Using a PIC10F200 .................... 7-2

TIP #2: A Start-Up Sequencer ................................ 7-3

TIP #3: A Tracking and Proportional

Soft-Start of Two Power Supplies ............... 7-4

TIP #4: Creating a Dithered PWM Clock ................ 7-5

TIP #5: Using a PIC

Microcontroller as a Clock

Source for a SMPS PWM Generator.......... 7-6

TIP #6: Current Limiting Using the MCP1630 ......... 7-7

TIP #7: Using a PIC

Microcontroller for

Power Factor Correction ............................ 7-8

TIP #8: Transformerless Power Supplies ............... 7-9

TIP #9: An IR Remote Control Actuated AC

Switch for Linear Power Supply Designs ...7-10

TIP #10: Driving High Side FETs ..............................7-11

TIP #11: Generating a Reference Voltage with a

PWM Output ...............................................7-12

TIP #12: Using Auto-Shutdown CCP ........................7-13

TIP #13: Generating a Two-Phase Control Signal ....7-14

TIP #14: Brushless DC Fan Speed Control ..............7-15

TIP #15: High Current Delta-Sigma Based Current

Measurement Using a Slotted Ferrite

and Hall Effect Device ................................7-16

TIP #16: Implementing a PID Feedback Control

in a PIC12F683-Based SMPS Design........7-17

TIP #17: An Error Detection and Restart Controller..7-18

TIP #18: Data-Indexed Software State Machine.......7-19

TIP #19: Execution Indexed Software

State Machine ............................................7-20

TIP #20: Compensating Sensors Digitally ................7-21

TIP #21: Using Output Voltage Monitoring to

Create a Self-Calibration Function .............7-22

3V Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1: Powering 3.3V Systems From 5V

Using an LDO Regulator ............................ 8-3

TIP #2: Low-Cost Alternative Power System

Using a Zener Diode .................................. 8-4

TIP #3: Lower Cost Alternative Power System

Using 3 Rectier Diodes ............................. 8-4

TIP #4: Powering 3.3V Systems From 5V

Using Switching Regulators ....................... 8-5

TIP #5: 3.3V → 5V Direct Connect ......................... 8-6

TIP #6: 3.3V → 5V Using a MOSFET Translator .... 8-6

TIP #7: 3.3V → 5V Using A Diode Offset ................ 8-7

TIP #8: 3.3V → 5V Using A Voltage Comparator .... 8-8

TIP #9: 5V → 3.3V Direct Connect ......................... 8-9

TIP #10: 5V → 3.3V With Diode Clamp .................... 8-9

TIP #11: 5V → 3.3V Active Clamp ............................8-10

TIP #12: 5V → 3.3V Resistor Divider........................8-10

TIP #13: 3.3V → 5V Level Translators......................8-12

TIP #14: 3.3V → 5V Analog Gain Block....................8-13

TIP #15: 3.3V → 5V Analog Offset Block ..................8-13

TIP #16: 5V → 3.3V Active Analog Attenuator ..........8-14

TIP #17: 5V → 3V Analog Limiter .............................8-15

TIP #18: Driving Bipolar Transistors .........................8-16

TIP #19: Driving N-Channel MOSFET Transistors ...8-18

8-pin Flash PIC

Microcontroller Tips ‘n Tricks

CHAPTER 1

8-Pin Flash PIC® Microcontrollers

Tips ‘n Tricks

Table Of Contents

TIPS ‘N TRICKS WITH HARDWARE

TIP #1: Dual Speed RC Oscillator ................ 1-2

TIP #2: Input/Output Multiplexing .................. 1-2

TIP #3: Read Three States From One Pin .... 1-3

TIP #4: Reading DIP Switches ...................... 1-3

TIP #5: Scanning Many Keys With

One Input .......................................... 1-4

TIP #6: Scanning Many Keys and Wake-up

From Sleep ....................................... 1-4

TIP #7: 8x8 Keyboard with 1 Input ................ 1-5

TIP #8: One Pin Power/Data ......................... 1-5

TIP #9: Decode Keys and ID Settings .......... 1-6

TIP #10: Generating High Voltages ................ 1-6

TIP #11: V Self Starting Circuit.................... 1-7dd

TIP #12: Using PIC® MCU A/D For Smart

Current Limiter .................................. 1-7

TIP #13: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy ........................................... 1-8

TIP #13.1: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – RC Timing Method ......... 1-8

TIP #13.2: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – Charge Balancing

Method ............................................. 1-10

TIP #13.3: Reading A Sensor With Higher

Accuracy – A/D Method .................... 1-11

TIP #14: Delta Sigma Converter ..................... 1-11

TIPS ‘N TRICKS WITH SOFTWARE

TIP #15: Delay Techniques ............................. 1-12

TIP #16: Optimizing Destinations .................... 1-13

TIP #17: Conditional Bit Set/Clear .................. 1-13

TIP #18: Swap File Register with W ............... 1-14

TIP #19: Bit Shifting Using Carry Bit ............... 1-14

TIPS ‘N TRICKS INTRODUCTION

Microchip continues to provide innovative

products that are smaller, faster, easier to

use and more reliable. The 8-pin Flash PIC®

microcontrollers (MCU) are used in an wide

range of everyday products, from toothbrushes,

hair dryers and rice cookers to industrial,

automotive and medical products.

The PIC12F629/675 MCUs merge all the

advantages of the PIC MCU architecture and

the exibility of Flash program memory into

an 8-pin package. They provide the features

and intelligence not previously available due

to cost and board space limitations. Features

include a 14-bit instruction set, small footprint

package, a wide operating voltage of 2.0 to

5.5 volts, an internal programmable 4 MHz

oscillator, on-board EEPROM data memory,

on-chip voltage reference and up to 4 channels

of 10-bit A/D. The exibility of Flash and an

excellent development tool suite, including

a low-cost In-Circuit Debugger, In-Circuit

Serial Programming™ and MPLAB® ICE 2000

emulation, make these devices ideal for just

about any embedded control application.

TIPS ‘N TRICKS WITH HARDWARE

The following series of Tips ’n Tricks can be

applied to a variety of applications to help make

the most of the 8-pin dynamics.

8-pin Flash PIC

Microcontroller Tips ‘n Tricks

TIP #1 Dual Speed RC Oscillator

Figure 1-1

PIC12F6XX

OSC1

GP0

+5V

1. After reset I/O pin is High-Z

2. Output ‘1’ on I/O pin

3. R1, R2 and C determine OSC frequency

4. Also works with additional capacitors

Frequency of PIC MCU in external RC oscillator

mode depends on resistance and capacitance

on OSC1 pin. Resistance is changed by the

output voltage on GP0. GP0 output ‘1’ puts R2

in parallel with R1 reduces OSC1 resistance

and increases OSC1 frequency. GP0 as

an input increases the OSC1 resistance

by minimizing current ow through R2, and

decreases frequency and power consumption.

Summary:

GP0 = Input: Slow speed for low current

GP0 = Output high: High speed for fast

processing

TIP #2 Input/Output Multiplexing

Individual diodes and some combination of

diodes can be enabled by driving I/Os high and

low or switching to inputs (Z). The number of

diodes (D) that can be controlled depends on

the number of I/Os (GP) used.

The equation is: D = GP x (GP - 1).

Example 2-1: Six LEDs on Three I/O Pins

GPx LEDs

0 1 2

0 0 0

0 1 Z

1 0 Z

Z 0 1

Z 1 0

0 Z 1

1 Z 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6

0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 2-1

PIC12F6XX

1 2 5

GP0

GP1

GP2

Specyfikacje produktu

Marka:	Microchip
Kategoria:	Niesklasyfikowane
Model:	PIC24FJ64GA202

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